Combustion Analysis
Definition:
The analysis which is made to determine the amounts of different elements present in a compound by burning a known amount of organic compound containing C, H and O in the presence of oxygen is called” combustion analysis.”
Procedure:
A weighed sample of the organic compound is placed in the combustion tube. This combustion tube is fitted in a furnace. Oxygen is supplied to bum the organic compound. Hydrogen is converted into H20 and carbon into CO2.
H2O absorber:
Next to combustion tube is H20 absorber. It contains Mg (ClO4) which absorbs H2O produced during the burning of organic compound.
CO2 absorber:
After H2O absorber chamber is CO2 absorber chamber. It contains 50% of KOH which absorbs CO2 produced during combustion analysis. The difference in the amounts or masses of these absorbers gives us the amounts of H2O and CO2
Calculations:
% of carbon = [mass of CO2 mass ÷ mass of organic compound] X [12/44] X 100
% of hydrogen = [mass of H2O ÷ mass of organic compound] X [2.016/18] X 100
The percentage of oxygen is obtained byjthe method of difference:
% of Oxygen = 100 – (% of carbon + % of hydrogen)
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