Ch # 12 : Aldehydes and Ketones

Introduction:

Organic compounds containing the carbonyl functional group, (>C = O) are called carbonyl compounds. In a carbonyl group, a carbon atom is bonded to oxygen with a double bond. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, and so it occurs at the end of a chain. In ketones, the carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms, and so it occurs within a chain…………

Contents:

  1. Introduction.
  2. Nomenclature.
  3. Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones.
  4. Reactivity of Carbonyl Group.
  5. Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds.
  6. Identification of Carbonyl Compounds.
  7. Uses of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde.

In this chapter you will learn:

  1. How to name aldehydes and ketones.
  2. General methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones.
  3. How are formaldehyde and acetaldehyde commercially prepared.
  4. The relationship between structure and reactivity of carbonyl group.
  5. The reactions of aldehydes and ketones and their mechanism.
  6. How to identify aldehydes and ketones.
  7. Tests for the distinction between aldehydes and ketones.

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